Likelihood Ratios for Some Symptoms, Signs and Laboratory Test
Target Disorders (and gold standard)                          Diagnostic  Data Results Likelihood Ratio
>75% Coronary artery stenosis (by angiography or autopsy) Symptoms of typical angina Posititive history
Men
Women
120
115
Coronary artery stenosis (by angiography or autopsy) Symptoms of atypical angina Posititive history
Men
Women
14
15
Alcohol dependency or abuse extensive clinical investigation  CAGE questions: 
(cut down, annoy, guilt, eye-opener)*		 Yes to 3 or more
Yes to any 2
Yes to any 1
No to all 4		 250
7
1.3
0.2
Coronary artery stenosis
(by angiography)

   

Exercise electrocardiography

Nonsloping ST-segment  depression of:     
>2.5mm
 2-2.49
1.5-1.99
1-1.49
0.05-0.99
<0.05



39
11
4.2
2.1
0.92
0.23
Pancreatic disease (by biopsy, autopsy, or clinical course)       Ultrasound



CT Scan        		Definitely abnormal
Probably abnormal
Possibly abnormal
Probably normal
Definitely normal
Definitely abnormal
Probably abnormal
Possibly normal  
Probably normal  
Definitely normal  		5.6
2.1
0.95
0.43
0.32
26
4.8
0.35
0.32
0.11
Colorectal cancer (by biopsy or operation) Carcinoembryonic  antigen 

>20ng/ml
10-19.9
5-9.9
1-4.9
<1

3.5
2.3
1.4
0.94
0.46
Tuberculosis (by culture)         Smears of sputum Positive
Negative		 31
0.79