Disorders of Calcium and Bone Metabolism

Hypercalcemia Differential Diagnosis

Causes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Incidence of Primary Hyperparathyroidism After Multichannel Screening

Influence of “Cost-Effective Care” on the Frequency and Method of Presentation of 1o Hyperparathyroidism

Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Rochester, MN, 1965-1992 *

Number of Cases of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Olmstead County/100,00 Patients*

“SATURATION ANALYSIS”*

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Skeletal Involvement

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Skeletal Involvement

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Skeletal Involvement

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Renal Involvement

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Renal Involvement

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Hypercalcemic Effects

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Hypercalcemic Effects

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Hypercalcemic Effects

Hypercalcemic Crisis Primary Hyperparathyroidism - Clinical and Laboratory Findings

Hypercalcemic Crisis Primary Hyperparathyroidism Possible Causes

Hypercalcemic Crisis Primary Hyperparathyroidism Relationship of Serum Calcium to Size of Adenoma

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Laboratory Abnormalities

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Level of Detection

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Changing Clinical Presentation

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Changing Clinical Presentation

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Possibly a More Detailed Look at Symptoms and Associated Conditions by Prospective Questionnaire*

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Possibly a More Detailed Look at Symptoms and Associated Conditions by Prospective Questionnaire*

Decreased Frequency* of Symptoms and Associated Conditions Following Parathyroidectomy (Primary Hyperparathyroidism) and Following Thyroidectomy (Non-toxic Thyroid Disorders - Controls)

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Possibly a More Detailed Look at Symptoms and Associated Conditions by Prospective Questionnaire

Decreased Frequency* of Symptoms and Associated Conditions Following Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Decreased Frequency of Symptoms Following Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism (1oHPT)

Decreased Frequency of Symptoms Following Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism (1oHPT)

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Possibly a More Detailed Look at the Degree of Skeletal Involvement

Psychiatric Symptoms in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Indications for Surgical Therapy (1990)

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Indications for Surgical Therapy (1990 vs. 2002)*

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Indications for Medical Monitoring

Monitoring in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Cardiac Abnormalities in Primary Hyperparathyroidism*

Cardiac Abnormalities in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Without Hypertension*

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)*

Primary Hyperparathyroidism (1oHPT) Without Hypertension - Cardiac Abnormalities *

Recommended Therapy and Actual Therapy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Possible Additional Indications for Surgery in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Parathyroid Adenoma-Intraoperative

Primary Hyperparathyroidism Parathyroid Adenoma-Histology

Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism Changes in Post-operative Serum Calcium Levels

Failure of Initial Surgery for “Primary Hyperparathyroidism”

Need for Second Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Angiogram for Primary Hyperparathyroidism (mediastinal parathyroid adenoma circled)

Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia

Autoimmune Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia*

Hypercalcemia Differential Diagnosis

Hypercalcemia due to Granulomatous Disease

Hypercalcemia Differential Diagnosis

Milk-Alkali Syndrome

Milk-Alkali Syndrome

Milk-Alkali Syndrome

Differences Between PTH and PTHrP Hypercalcemia

Malignancies Causing PTHrP Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia Differential Diagnosis

Paget’s Disease

Paget’s Disease

Paget’s Disease of Long Bones

Paget’s Disease of Skull

Paget’s Disease

Treatment of Hypercalcemia

Treatment of Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia Effects of Treatment on Symptoms

Differential Diagnosis of Metastatic Calcification Which When Extreme = Tumoral Calcinosis

Tumoral Calcinosis

Crystalline Components of Renal Stones

Causes of Hypercalciuria

Components of Serum Calcium

Effect of Hypoalbuminemia on Serum Calcium

Mechanism of Action of PTH

Causes of Hypoparathyroidism

Presenting Signs and Symptoms Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Increased Neuromuscular Irritability

Hypoparathyroidism Basal Ganglion Calcification

Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndromes

Clinical and Laboratory Features Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PH) vs Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism (IH)

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Osteoporosis

Osteoporotic vs. Normal Bone

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis - Predisposing Factors

Disorders Associated with Osteoporosis

Drugs Associated with Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis - Prevention

Osteoporosis Treatment of the Disease