These statements and questions are provided as a study aid to help you gauge your level of understanding of the region. A link to the Forum is provided if you are unsure of specific statements and questions and wish to discuss them.

1. The roots of the brachial plexus emerge through the gap between the anterior 
and middle scaleni muscles, where does the cervical plexus emerge?   

 Hint Think of the sternomastoid

2. All parts of the brachial plexus, excluding its terminal branches, are in the
posterior triangle of the neck.   

 Hint What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

3. Erb's paralysis is caused by a lesion of the middle root of the brachial 
plexus.   

 Hint What muscles are affected by Erb-Duchene paralysis? What spinal segments contribute to the middle root?

4. The muscles of the flexor compartment of the forearm flex which joints?    

 Hint Any muscle that crosses a joint, acts on that joint

5. The muscles of the flexor compartment of the antibrachium are innervated 
by one nerve only.   

 Hint Remember the ulnar!

6. There are no muscles in the upper limb that have a dual innervation.  

 Hint See #5 above. Think of the arm also.

7. Which parts of the upper limb skeleton can be easily palpated?   

 Hint Palpate yourself or a friend

8. The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from which regions of the body?   

 Hint SCALP

9. The elbow joint allows supination and pronation.   

 Hint Are the radioulnar joints part of the elbow joint?

10. Which major nerve is not accompanied by an artery?   

 Hint It's passes down the middle

11. At which sites can you palpate the pulse?  

 Hint Where can arteries be compressed against bone?

12. Which muscles of the forearm do not cross the wrist joint?  

 Hint Remember, any muscle that crosses a joint, acts on that joint.  Which muscles don't cross the wrist joint and joints of the hand?

13. Which fractures could injure a nerve?   

 Hint Visualize the bone(s) and the related nerve(s)

14. Can you explain the deficits of a radial nerve lesion in terms of the muscles involved? - lesion of the ulnar? - median?   

 Hint Radial nerve extensors, median thenar eminence, ulnar interossei.

15. Which muscle(s) can provide(s) some flexion of the forearm in a lesion of the musculocutaneous?   

 Hint Which muscles cross the joint, but are not innervated by this nerve?

16. The musculocutaneous nerve contains fibers from spinal segments C8, T1.   

 Hint Is this nerve derived from the lower trunk?

17. Can you visualize the blood vessels participating in a collateral circulation
around the shoulder joint?  - around the elbow joint?   

 Hint See Moore p 770, 792

18. Which nerve gives sensory supply to the little finger?   

 Hint Which side of the forearm (ulnar/radial) is the little finger?

19. What is a ginglymus?  Which movements are allowed in such a joint?   

 Hint Ginglymos is the Greek word for hinge.

20. An arm is severed accidentally through its middle.  Which muscles, major blood
vessels, and nerves would have to be joined in the surgical reattachment 
of the limb?   

 Hint See Moore p 787

21. All joints of the upper extremity have collateral ligaments.   

 Hint Collatoral ligaments are found at hinge joints

22. All large terminal branches of the brachial plexus receive contributions from 
the posterior divisions of the trunks.   

 Hint Think of postaxial and preaxial nerves

23. What are the compartments of the hand?   

 Hint See Moore p 829

24. Which nerves of the extremities are closely related to bone for parts 
of their courses?   

 Hint Think of the radial and ulnar

25. Which nerves of the extremities are accompanied by blood vessels?   

 Hint Think of the ulnar, axillary, and radial.

26. Where would you expect loss of sensation in a lesion of the ulnar nerve?   

 Hint Remember, the medial antebrachial cutaneous n. Is 
not a branch of the ulnar nerve.

27. No artery which contributes to the anastomoses around the elbow 
joint originates in the upper half of the arm.   

 Hint Think of superior ulnar collateral

28. The tendon of the palmaris longus can easily be made visible in the living.   

 Hint Check yourself and classmates (you may not have one)

29. The annular ligament of the elbow joint is attached to the ulna and 
the radial collateral ligament.   

 Hint See Netter Plate 421.

30. Do you know the actions of the palmar and dorsal interossei?   

 Hint Remember DAB and PAD

31. Name the muscles that form the "rotator cuff" of the shoulder joint.   

 Hint There are 4 of them.

32. Pronation of the forearm and opposition of the thumb are actions of muscles
 supplied by the median nerve.   

 Hint Know the muscles innervated by the median

33. What bone connects the limb and trunk?  What muscles connect the limb and trunk?   

 Hint The bone begins with a "c".

34. What structures form the walls of the axilla?   

 Hint Think muscles.

35. Name the branches of the axillary artery.   

 Hint See Netter Plate 410

36. How are the roots, trunks, divisions and cords of the brachial plexus related?      What nerves arise from the roots, trunks and cords?   

 Hint See Netter Plate 413

37. What is the principal lymphatic drainage of the mammary gland?   

 Hint Think CLASP

38. What ligament stabilizes the acromio-clavicular joint?   

 Hint Ligaments are named by the bones they attach.

39. Which cervical levels of nerves innervate the shoulder muscles?   

 Hint C5-6

40. What muscles are anterior in the arm?   

 Hint Remeber the anatomical position

41. What are the branches of the brachial artery?   

 Hint What is the extent of the brachial artery?

42. Where do the cephalic and basilic veins end?   

 Hint Remember, venous drainage is towards the heart.

43. What bones articulate at the elbow and what ligaments hold them together?    

 Hint The elbow joint is different from the radio-ulnar joint.

44. Name the superficial volar muscles of the forearm and give the innervation.     

 Hint Volar means palmar.

45. Name the bones of the wrist.  Which is the most frequently fractured?
Which is most frequently dislocated?     

 Hint Silly Lizzy tore her pants, here comes Tom Thumb.

46. How is the carpal tunnel formed?  What occupies the tunnel?     

 Hint Tendons of three muscles and one nerve.

47. Name the thenar and hypothenar muscles.     

 Hint Thenar=thumb; hypothenar=little finger.

48. What forms the deep palmar arch?     

 Hint The artery is found in the 'snuff box'.

49. What muscles are innervated by the deep ulnar nerve?     

 Hint They are intrinsic to the hand.

50. How does the radial nerve get to the anterior aspect of the elbow?    

 Hint You find it between the brachialis and brachioradialis muscles.

51. How does the deep radial get to the back of the forearm?   

 Hint Think about its relationship to the supinator m.

52. What forms the anatomical snuff-box?    

 Hint Extensors and abductors of the thumb.