Acid base disorders

1. What is normal pH?

2. What is the definition for acid base disorder?

3. What does acidosis or alkalosis refer to?

4. What does acidemia or alkalemia refer to?

5. Which organs are key players in maintaining acid base balance?

6. What are the primary acid base disorders?

7. When would you consider metabolic acidosis?

8. When would you consider metabolic alkalosis?

9. When would you consider respiratory acidosis?

10. When would you consider respiratory alkalosis?

11. What are the required lab values and historical information you need to assess acid base disorders?

12. What are anions? List the anions?

13. What are cations? List the cations?

14. What is anion gap?

15. How do you calculate anion gap?

16. What are the compensatory measures for acid base disorders?

17. What is difference between bicarbonate value reported in arterial blood gases and bicarbonate reported in electrolytes?

18. What is the metabolic compensation for acute respiratory acidosis? How do you assess whether it is appropriate?

19. What is the metabolic compensation for chronic respiratory acidosis? How do you assess whether it is appropriate?

20. What is the metabolic compensation for acute respiratory alkalosis? How do you assess whether it is appropriate?

21. What is the respiratory compensation for chronic respiratory alkalosis? How do you assess whether it is appropriate?

22. What is the respiratory compensation for acute metabolic acidosis? What are the sensors and effectors for this response? How do you assess whether it is appropriate?

23. What is the respiratory compensation for chronic metabolic acidosis? How do you assess whether it is appropriate?

24. What is the respiratory compensation for acute metabolic alkalosis? How do you assess whether it is appropriate?

25. What is the respiratory compensation for chronic metabolic alkalosis? How do you assess whether it is appropriate?

26. What is bicarbonate gap?

27. Explain renal mechanism for regulation of acid base disorders?

28. What are the common causes for high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

29. What are the common causes for non anion gap metabolic acidosis?

30. What are the common causes for metabolic alkalosis?

31. What are the common causes for respiratory acidosis?

32. What are the common causes for respiratory alkalosis?

33. What are the factors that stimulate kidney to excrete acid?

34. What are the factors that inhibit kidney to excrete acid?

35. How do you determine whether an acid base disorder is simple or mixed?

36. Explain CSF barrier for acid base disorders. How does it come into play clinically?

37. Give me your step by step approach to interpreting acid base disorders.

38. Describe the buffer system.

39. Describe how kidney excretes acid.

40. What is the relationship between Ventilation and pCO₂en pH and pCO2.

41. How do you calculate the hydrogen ion concentration?